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Drain Safety | Supporting Research

  • Anaissie EJ, Kuchar RT, Rex JH, et al. Fusariosis associated with pathogenic fusariumspecies colonization of a hospital water system: a new paradigm for the epidemiology of opportunistic mold infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(11):1871‐1878. doi:10.1086/324501
  • Aranega-Bou P, George RP, Verlander NQ, et al.
    Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae dispersal from sinks is linked to drain position and drainage rates in a laboratory model system. J Hosp Infect. 2019;102(1):63‐69. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.12.007 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Bloomfield S, Exner M, Flemming HC, et al. Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for.GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2015;10:Doc04. Published 2015 Feb 4. doi:10.3205/dgkh000247 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Cantero M, Parra LM, Muñez E, et al. A cluster of Chryseobacterium indologenes cases related to drainage water in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39(8):997‐999. doi:10.1017/ice.2018.126
  • Carling PC. Wastewater drains: epidemiology and interventions in 23 carbapenem-resistant organism outbreaks. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39(8):972‐979. doi:10.1017/ice.2018.138
  • Chapuis A, Amoureux L, Bador J, et al. Outbreak of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacter cloacae with High MICs of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in a Hematology Ward Associated with Contaminated Sinks. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1070. Published 2016 Jul 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01070 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
  • De Geyter D, Blommaert L, Verbraeken N, et al. The sink as a potential source of transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6:24. Published 2017 Feb 16. doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0182-3 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
  • de Jonge E, de Boer MGJ, van Essen EHR, Dogterom-Ballering HCM, Veldkamp KE. Effects of a disinfection device on colonization of sink drains and patients during a prolonged outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2019;102(1):70‐74. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.01.003
  • Decraene V, Phan HTT, George R, et al. A Large, Refractory Nosocomial Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Demonstrates Carbapenemase Gene Outbreaks Involving Sink Sites Require Novel Approaches to Infection Control. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(12):e01689-18. Published 2018 Nov 26. doi:10.1128/AAC.01689-18 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Grabowski M, Lobo JM, Gunnell B, et al. Characterizations of handwashing sink activities in a single hospital medical intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2018;100(3):e115‐e122. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.04.025 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/)
  • Hota S, Hirji Z, Stockton K, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection secondary to imperfect intensive care unit room design. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(1):25‐33. doi:10.1086/592700
  • Julia L, Vilankar K, Kang H, Brown DE, Mathers A, Barnes LE. Environmental Reservoirs of Nosocomial Infection: Imputation Methods for Linking Clinical and Environmental Microbiological Data to Understand Infection Transmission. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2018;2017:1120‐1129. Published 2018 Apr 16. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Jung J, Choi HS, Lee JY, et al. Outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae associated with a contaminated water dispenser and sink drainsin the cardiology units of a Korean hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(4):476‐483. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.11.01
  • Kotay SM, Donlan RM, Ganim C, Barry K, Christensen BE, Mathers AJ. Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019;85(2):e01997-18. Published 2019 Jan 9. doi:10.1128/AEM.01997-18 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • La Forgia C, Franke J, Hacek DM, Thomson RB Jr, Robicsek A, Peterson LR. Management of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit using novel environmental disinfection: a 38-month report. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(4):259‐263. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.07.012
  • Leitner E, Zarfel G, Luxner J, et al. Contaminated handwashing sinks as the source of a clonal outbreak of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a hematology ward. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(1):714‐716. doi:10.1128/AAC.04306-14 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Lowe C, Willey B, O'Shaughnessy A, et al. Outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca infections associated with contaminated handwashing sinks(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(8):1242‐1247. doi:10.3201/eid1808.111268 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Lucero CA, Cohen AL, Trevino I, et al. Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex among ventilated pediatric patients linked to hospital sinks. m J Infect Control. 2011;39(9):775‐778. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.12.005
  • Milisavljevic V, Wu F, Larson E, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Serratia marcescensoutbreaks in two neonatal intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25(9):719‐721. doi:10.1086/502466
  • Peterson AE, Chitnis AS, Xiang N, et al. Clonally related Burkholderia contaminans among ventilated patients without cystic fibrosis. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(12):1298‐1300. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.05.015 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Regev-Yochay G, Smollan G, Tal I, et al. Sink traps as the source of transmission of OXA-48-producing Serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit. Infect Control HospEpidemiol. 2018;39(11):1307‐1315. doi:10.1017/ice.2018.235
  • Smolders D, Hendriks B, Rogiers P, Mul M, Gordts B. Acetic acid as a decontamination method for ICU sink drains colonized by carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae and its effect on CPE infections. J Hosp Infect. 2019;102(1):82‐88. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.12.009
  • Stjärne Aspelund A, Sjöström K, Olsson Liljequist B, Mörgelin M, Melander E, Påhlman LI. Acetic acid as a decontamination method for sink drains in a nosocomial outbreak of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hosp Infect. 2016;94(1):13‐20. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2016.05.009 (https://www.sciencedirect.com)
  • Vergara-López S, Domínguez MC, Conejo MC, Pascual Á, Rodríguez-Baño J. Wastewater drainage system as an occult reservoir in a protracted clonal outbreak due to metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(11):E490‐E498. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12288 (https://www.sciencedirect.com)
  • Verweij PE, Meis JF, Christmann V, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of colonization and infection with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in preterm infants associated with contaminated tap water. Epidemiol Infect. 1998;120(3):251‐256. doi:10.1017/s0950268898008735 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
  • Chia PY, Coleman KK, Tan YK, Ong SWX, Gum M, Lau SK, Lim XF, Lim AS, Sutjipto S, Lee PH, Son TT, Young BE, Milton DK, Gray GC, Schuster S, Barkham T, De PP, VasooS, Chan M, Ang BSP, Tan BH, Leo YS, Ng OT, Wong MSY, Marimuthu K; Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients. Singapore 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Research Team.Chia PY, et al.Nat Commun. 2020 May 29;11(1):2800. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16670-2.Nat Commun. 2020.PMID: 32472043 Free PMC article.
  • Faridi S, Niazi S, Sadeghi K, Naddafi K, Yavarian J, Shamsipour M, Jandaghi NZS, Sadeghniiat K, Nabizadeh R, Yunesian M, Momeniha F, Mokamel A, Hassanvand MS, MokhtariAzad T.Faridi S, et al.Sci A field indoor air measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient rooms of the largest hospital in Iran. Total Environ. 2020 Jul 10;725:138401. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138401. Epub 2020 Apr 6.Sci Total Environ. 2020.PMID: 32283308 Free PMC article.
  • Wang J, Feng H, Zhang S, Ni Z, Ni L, Chen Y, Zhuo L, Zhong Z, Qu T.Wang J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection of hospital isolation wards hygiene monitoring during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak in a Chinese hospital Int J Infect Dis. 2020 May;94:103-106. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.024. Epub 2020 Apr 18.Int J Infect Dis. 2020.PMID: 32311449 Free PMC article.
  • Anderson EL, Turnham P, Griffin JR, Clarke CC.Anderson EL, et al. Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID-19 and Public Health. Risk Anal. 2020 May;40(5):902-907. doi: 10.1111/risa.13500. Epub 2020 May 1.Risk Anal. 2020.PMID: 32356927 Free PMC article.
  • Khedkar PH, Patzak A.Khedkar PH, et al.SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far? , Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020 Jun;229(2):e13470. doi: 10.1111/apha.13470. Epub 2020 Apr 11.Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020.PMID: 32220035Free PMC article.No abstract available.
  • Tahamtan A, Ardebili A.Tahamtan A, et al.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection issues affecting the results. 2020 May;20(5):453-454. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1757437. Epub 2020 Apr 22.Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020.PMID: 32297805Free PMC article.No abstract available.
  • Yao M, Zhang L, Ma J, Zhou L., On airborne transmission and control of SARS-Cov-2. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 20;731:139178. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139178. Epub 2020 May 4.PMID: 32388162
  • Sampling and detection of coronaviruses in air: A mini review. Rahmani AR, Leili M, Azarian G, Poormohammadi A. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 15;740:140207. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140207. Online ahead of print.PMID: 32554029
  • Development of a new portable air sampler based on electrostatic precipitation. Roux JM, Sarda-Estève R, Delapierre G, Nadal MH, Bossuet C, Olmedo L.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 May;23(9):8175-83. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5522-3. Epub 2015 Oct 10.PMID: 26452658
  • Infection risk assessment of COVID-19 through aerosol transmission: a case study ofSouth China Seafood Market. Zhang X, Ji Z, Yue Y, Liu H, Wang J.Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jun 16. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02895. Online ahead of print.PMID: 32543176