Killing diseases in pipelines are nearly impossible. Pipes contain a biofilm that most harsh chemicals will not kill. If chemical claims to kill biofilm, it …

Hand hygiene, not touching your face, and preventing contact from infected individuals is prioritized. Hospitals, apartment towers, and airports without trap seals need to be …

Sewer gas is a complex mixture of toxic and nontoxic gases that can be present at varying levels depending upon the source. It is formed …

Radon is an odorless radioactive gas that results from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil. Uranium is present in most of the soil and …

Drain flies appear in homes, rest rooms of commercial buildings, sewage disposal plants and agricultural facilities that handle moist animal waste. Restaurants, schools and other …

Drainage technology is an area that has evolved very little since the advent of modern plumbing. However, buildings are getting bigger and the volume of …

It is widely established that drains are reservoirs for microbes and antibiotic residues. It is also clear that microbes in drains and pipes adhere to …